demonstrative pronouns

this / that / these / those

This A thing or a person is close This = singular	That A thing or a person is far That = singular
These Things or people are close These = plural	Those Things or people are far Those = plural

Close = x...y

This pencil in my hand is yellow.

These pencils are not very sharp.

Far = x..............................y

That car across the street is red.

Those cars in the parking lot are blue.

Take these stairs to get to those buildings.

That blue building in the middle of this picture is very tall.

The video below might help:

"That" is often contracted with the singular form of the verb "be" That is a window. = That's a window. That is my friend, Tom. = That's my friend, Tom. "That's" usually sounds much better than to say, "That is." "That" can't be contracted in the plural form: That're (no!) This, these, and those can't take contractions.